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Homeomorphisms#

Definition: Homeomorphism

Let \((X, \tau_X)\) and \((Y,\tau_Y)\) be topological spaces.

A homeomorphism between \(X\) and \(Y\) is a continuous bijection \(f: X \to Y\) with a continuous inverse \(f^{-1}: Y \to X\).

Definition: Homeomorphic Spaces

Two topological spaces \((X, \tau_X)\) and \((Y, \tau_Y)\) are homeomorphic if there exists a homeomorphism between them.

Notation

\[ (X, \tau_X) \cong (Y, \tau_Y) \]

Theorem

The existence of a homeomorphism is an equivalence relation.

Proof

TODO

Theorem: Composition of Homeomorphisms

Let \((X, \tau_X)\), \((Y, \tau_Y)\) and \((Z, \tau_Z)\) be topological spaces.

If \(f: X \to Y\) and \(g: Y \to Z\) are homeomorphisms, then their composition \(g \circ f: X \to Z\) is also a homeomorphism.

Proof

TODO

Local Homeomorphisms#

Definition: Local Homeomorphism

Let \((X, \tau_X)\) and \((Y,\tau_Y)\) be topological spaces.

A function \(f: X \to Y\) is a local homeomorphism from \((X, \tau_X)\) to \((Y, \tau_Y)\) if each \(x \in X\) has an open neighborhood \(O\) with an open image \(f(O)\) such that the restriction \(f\big|_O\) is a homeomorphism between the subspaces \(O\) and \(f(O)\).

Definition: Locally Homeomorphic Spaces

A topological space \((X, \tau_X)\) is locally homeomorphic to another topological space \((Y,\tau_Y)\) if there exists a local homeomorphism from \((X, \tau_X)\) to \((Y, \tau_Y)\).

Theorem: Homeomorphism \(\implies\) Local Homeomorphism

Every homeomorphism is also a local homeomorphism.

Proof

TODO

Theorem

A local homeomorphism is a homeomorphism if and only if it is bijective.

Proof

TODO