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Straight Lines in 3D#

Definition: Straight Line

A straight line in 3D space is an [[TODO|unbounded]] locus of points which is homeomorphic to the real numbers \(\mathbb{R}\).

Definition: Angle between Straight Lines

Let \(a\) and \(b\) be straight lines in 3D.

The angle between \(a\) and \(b\) is the Inner Product Spaces between any pair of vectors such that one of the vectors is between points which lie on \(a\) and the other is between points which lie on \(b\).

Notation

\[ \angle (a;b) \]

Definition: Perpendicularity

Two straight lines in 3D are perpendicular if the angle between them is a right angle.

Properties#

Theorem: Intersecting Lines \(\implies\) Plane

For each pair of intersecting straight lines there exists a unique plane which contains them.

Proof

TODO

Parallel Lines#

Theorem: Parallel Lines and Points

If \(a\) is a straight line in 3D space, then for each point \(P\) there exists a unique straight line \(b\) which goes through \(P\) and is [[TODO|parallel]] to \(a\).

\[ \forall P, \exists! b: a \parallel b \land P \in b \]
Proof

TODO

Theorem: Parallel Lines \(\implies\) Plane

If two straight lines in 3D space are [[TODO|parallel]], then there exists a unique plane which contains both of them.

Proof

TODO

Theorem: Parallel Lines and Plane Intersections

If two straight lines in 3D space are [[TODO|parallel]], then every plane which intersects one of them also intersects the other.

Proof

TODO

Theorem: Three Parallel Lines

Let \(a,b,c\) be straight lines in 3D space.

If \(a\) and \(b\) are parallel and \(b\) and \(c\) are parallel, then \(a\) and \(c\) are also parallel.

\[ a \parallel b \land b \parallel c \implies a \parallel c \]
Proof

TODO

Skew Lines#

Definition: Skew Lines

Skew lines are two straight lines in 3D space which do not lie in the same plane.

Theorem: Angle between Skew Lines

Let \(a\) and \(b\) be skew lines, let \(a_1\) and \(a_2\) be parallel to \(a\) and let \(b_1\) and \(b_2\) be parallel to \(b\).

If \(a_1\) and \(b_1\) intersect and \(a_2\) and \(b_2\) also intersect, then the angles they form are equal.

\[ \angle (a_1, b_1) = \angle (a_2, b_2) \]
Proof

TODO

Definition: Angle between Skew Lines

The angle between two skew lines \(a\) and \(b\) is the angle between any pair of intersecting lines \(a'\) and \(b'\) such that \(a\) and \(a'\) are parallel and \(b\) and \(b'\) are also parallel.