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Introduction#

Morphology#

Declension#

[[Nouns|Nouns]] in [[./index|Modern Greek]] change their form to indicate their [[TODO|case]] and [[TODO|number]]. [[Nouns|Nouns]] are grouped into declensions depending on which set of endings they use. The declension to which a [[Nouns|noun]] belongs is largely determined by its [[TODO|gender]] and [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|singular]], but, sometimes, even this information is insufficient to draw a conclusion and you have to check with a dictionary. It is also useful to classify [[Nouns|nouns]] by the position of the [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] in their [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|singular]]: oxytone on the last [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]], paroxytone on the second-to-last [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] and proparoxytone on the third-to-last [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]].

Masculine Nouns#

[[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] ending in -ος can be either [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]], [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] or [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]]:
- [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Oxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] remain such throughout the entire declension.
- [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Paroxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] also remain such throughout the entire declension.
- Most [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] in both [[TODO|genitive]] forms and the [[TODO|accusative]] [[TODO|plural]]. However, some nouns, especially compounds, remain [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]] throughout.

Masculine Nouns Ending in -ος
Singular Plural
Nominative -ος -οι
Genitive -ου -ων
Accusative -ο -ους
Vocative -ε -οι
Example: Masculine Nouns Ending in -ος



























Singular Plural
Nominative καιρός καιροί
Genitive καιρού καιρών
Accusative καιρό καιρούς
Vocative καιρέ καιροί



























Singular Plural
Nominative κόσμος κόσμοι
Genitive κόσμου κόσμων
Accusative κόσμο κόσμους
Vocative κόσμε κόσμοι



























Singular Plural
Nominative άνθρωπος άνθρωποι
Genitive ανθρώπου ανθρώπων
Accusative άνθρωπο ανθρώπους
Vocative άνθρωπε άνθρωποι




























καλόγερος ("monk")
Singular Plural
Nominative καλόγερος καλόγεροι
Genitive καλόγερου καλόγερων
Accusative καλόγερο καλόγερους
Vocative καλόγερε καλόγεροι

[[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] with a [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|singular]] in -ης are divided into several subgroups depending on the ending of their [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]]: -ες, -ηδες, -ητες, -εις.
- [[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ης that don't add anything before the -ες of their [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]] can be either [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] or [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]]. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Oxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] remain such throughout. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Paroxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] remain such except in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]] where they become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]].
- [[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ης that add -ηδ- before the -ες of the [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]] can be either [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] or [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]].
- [[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ης that add -ητ- before the -ες of the [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]] are always [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]]. They keep the [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] on the same [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] thoughout except in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]], where it moves to the -η- of the ending.
- [[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ης with [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]] in -εις are always [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] and keep the [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] on the same [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] throughout.

Masculine Nouns in -ης
Singular Plural
Nominative -ης -ες -ηδες -ητες -εις
Genitive -η -ων -ηδων -ήτων -εων
Accusative -η -ες -ηδες -ητες -εις
Vocative -η -ες -ηδες -ητες -εις
Example: Parisyllabic Masculine Nouns Ending in -ης, -ες




























μαθητής
Singular Plural
Nominative μαθητής μαθητές
Genitive μαθητή μαθητών
Accusative μαθητή μαθητές
Vocative μαθητή μαθητές




























πελάτης
Singular Plural
Nominative πελάτης πελάτες
Genitive πελάτη πελατών
Accusative πελάτη πελάτες
Vocative πελάτη πελάτες

Example: Masculine Nouns Ending in -ης, -ηδες



























Singular Plural
Nominative μερακλής μερακλήδες
Genitive μερακλή μερακλήδων
Accusative μερακλή μερακλήδες
Vocative μερακλή μερακλήδες



























Singular Plural
Nominative μπακάλης μπακάληδες
Genitive μπακάλη μπακάληδων
Accusative μπακάλη μπακάληδες
Vocative μπακάλη μπακάληδες

Example: Masculine Nouns Ending in -ης, -ητες




























γόης ("charmer")
Singular Plural
Nominative γόης γόητες
Genitive γόη γοήτων
Accusative γόη γόητες
Vocative γόη γόητες

Example: Masculine Nouns Ending in -ης, -εις



























Singular Plural
Nominative λάτρης λάτρεις
Genitive λάτρη λάτρεων
Accusative λάτρη λάτρεις
Vocative λάτρη λάτρεις

[[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] with a [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|singular]] in -aς are divided into a few subgroups depending on the ending of their [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]]: -ες, -αδες, -ηδες or -εíς:
- [[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ας that don't add a [[TODO|syllable]] before the -ες of the [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]] can be either [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] or [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]]. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Paroxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] with two [[TODO|syllables]] remain such except in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]], where they become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]]. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Paroxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] with more than two [[TODO|syllables]] remain such throughout. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Proparoxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]].
- [[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ας that add -αδ- before the -ες of the [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]] are always [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] and become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] in the [[TODO|plural]] because of the added [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]].
- [[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ας that add -ηδ- before the -ες of the [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]] are always [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] and become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]] in the [[TODO|plural]] because of the added [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]].
- [[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -έας that have a [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]] in -εíς are [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] in all [[TODO|singular]] forms and in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]]. In the rest of the [[TODO|plural]] forms, they are [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]]. In the [[TODO|singular]], they decline like all other [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ας but in the [[TODO|plural]] the ending replaces the final -ε of the stem.

Masculine Nouns Ending in -ας
Singular Plural
Nominative -ας -ες -άδες -ηδες -εíς
Genitive -α -ων -άδων -ηδων -έων
Accusative -α -ες -άδες -ηδες -εíς
Vocative -α -ες -άδες -ηδες -εíς
Example: Masculine Nouns Ending in -ας, -ες




























Declension of άντρας
Singular Plural
Nominative άντρας άντρες
Genitive άντρα αντρών
Accusative άντρα άντρες
Vocative άντρα άντρες




























Declension of κανόνας
Singular Plural
Nominative κανόνας κανόνες
Genitive κανόνα κανόνων
Accusative κανόνα κανόνες
Vocative κανόνα κανόνες




























Declension of ελέφαντας
Singular Plural
Nominative ελέφαντας ελέφαντες
Genitive ελέφαντα ελεφάντων
Accusative ελέφαντα ελέφαντες
Vocative ελέφαντα ελέφαντες

Example: Masculine Nouns in -άς, -άδες




























μπαμπάς ("dad")
Singular Plural
Nominative μπαμπάς μπαμπάδες
Genitive μπαμπά μπαμπάδων
Accusative μπαμπά μπαμπάδες
Vocative μπαμπά μπαμπάδες

Example: Masculine Nouns Ending in -ας, -ηδες




























Declension of αέρας
Singular Plural
Nominative αέρας αέρηδες
Genitive αέρα αέρηδων
Accusative αέρα αέρηδες
Vocative αέρα αέρηδες

Example: Masculine Nouns Ending in -έας, -είς




























Declension of γραμματέας
Singular Plural
Nominative γραμματέας γραμματείς
Genitive γραμματέα γραμματέων
Accusative γραμματέα γραμματείς
Vocative γραμματέα γραμματείς

[[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ες are always [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] and remain such throughout the [[TODO|singular]] but become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] in the [[TODO|plural]] due to the added [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]].

Masculine Nouns in -ές, -έδες
Singular Plural
Nominative -ές -έδες
Genitive -έ -έδων
Accusative -έ -έδες
Vocative -έ -έδες
Example: Masculine Nouns in -ές, -έδες




























καφές ("coffee")
Singular Plural
Nominative καφές καφέδες
Genitive καφέ καφέδων
Accusative καφέ καφέδες
Vocative καφέ καφέδες

[[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ους are divided into two groups depending on the ending of their [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]]: -οι or -ουδες.
- [[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ους with a [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]] in -οι can be either [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] or [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] and both types remain as such in all forms.
- [[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ους with a [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]] in -ουδες are always [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] in their [[TODO|singular]] forms and become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] in the [[TODO|plural]] forms due to the added [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]].

Masculine Nouns in -ους
Singular Plural
Nominative -ους -οι -ούδες
Genitive -ου -ων -ούδων
Accusative -ου -ους -ούδες
Vocative -ου -οι -ούδες
Example: Masculine Nouns in -ους, -οι




























νους ("mind")
Singular Plural
Nominative νους νοι
Genitive νου νων
Accusative νου νους
Vocative νου νοι




























απόπλους ("ship departure")
Singular Plural
Nominative απόπλους απόπλοι
Genitive απόπλου απόπλων
Accusative απόπλου απόπλους
Vocative απόπλου απόπλοι

Example: Masculine Nouns in -ούς, -ούδες




























παππούς ("grandpa")
Singular Plural
Nominative παππούς παππούδες
Genitive παππού παππούδων
Accusative παππού παππούδες
Vocative παππού παππούδες

[[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -υς can be either [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] or [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]]. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Paroxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] keep the [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] on the same [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] throughout, while [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] move it one [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] to the right in the [[TODO|plural]].

Masculine Nouns in -υς
Singular Plural
Nominative -υς -εις
Genitive -υ -εων
Accusative -υ -εις
Vocative -υ -εις
Example: Masculine Nouns Ending in -υς




























πήχυς (a measure of length)
Singular Plural
Nominative πήχυς πήχεις
Genitive πήχυ πήχεων
Accusative πήχυ πήχεις
Vocative πήχυ πήχεις




























πέλεκυς ("double-headed axe")
Singular Plural
Nominative πέλεκυς πελέκεις
Genitive πέλεκυ πελέκεων
Accusative πέλεκυ πελέκεις
Vocative πέλεκυ πελέκεις

Exception: The Irregular Noun "μυς" ("muscle")

The [[Nouns|noun]] "μυς" ("muscle") is declined as follows:




























μυς ("muscle")
Singular Plural
Nominative μυς μύες
Genitive μυός μυών
Accusative μυ μυς
Vocative μυ μύες

[[TODO|Masculine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ωρ are always [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] in the [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|singular]]. They keep the [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] on the same [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] in all forms except for the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]] where it moves one [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] to the right.

Masculine Nouns Ending in -ωρ
Singular Plural
Nominative -ωρ -ορες
Genitive -ορος -όρων
Accusative -ορα -ορες
Vocative -ωρ -ορες
Example: Masculine Nouns Ending in -ωρ




























μέντωρ ("mentor")
Singular Plural
Nominative μέντωρ μέντορες
Genitive μέντορος μεντόρων
Accusative μέντορα μέντορες
Vocative μέντωρ μέντορες

Feminine Nouns#

[[TODO|Feminine]] [[TODO|nouns]] with a [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|singular]] in -α can be either [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]], [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] or [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]]. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Oxytone]] ones remain such in all forms. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Paroxytone]] [[TODO|nouns]] remain such except possibly in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]], where some become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]]. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Proparoxytone]] [[TODO|nouns]] remain such in all forms except in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]], where some become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]], while others [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]].

Feminine Nouns in -α
Singular Plural
Nominative -α -ες
Genitive -ας -ων
Accusative -α -ες
Vocative -α -ες
Example: Feminine Nouns in -α, -ες




























φορά ("time, occurrence)"
Singular Plural
Nominative φορά φορές
Genitive φοράς φορών
Accusative φορά φορές
Vocative φορά φορές

























​


ελπίδα ("hope")
Singular Plural
Nominative ελπίδα ελπίδες
Genitive ελπίδας ελπίδων
Accusative ελπίδα ελπίδες
Vocativeελπίδα ελπίδες

























​


ώρα ("hour")
Singular Plural
Nominative ώρα ώρες
Genitive ώρας ωρών
Accusative ώρα ώρες
Vocativeώρα ώρες




























θάλασσα ("sea")
Singular Plural
Nominative θάλασσα θάλασσες
Genitive θάλασσας θαλασσών
Accusative θάλασσα θάλασσες
Vocative θάλασσα θάλασσες




























ποσότητα ("quantity", "amount")
Singular Plural
Nominative ποσότητα ποσότητες
Genitive ποσότητας ποσοτήτων
Accusative ποσότητα ποσότητες
Vocative ποσότητα ποσότητες

Exception: Feminine Nouns in -ά

Some [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] [[TODO|feminine]] [[TODO|nouns]] in -ά add -αδ- in before the endings of the [[TODO|plural]]. The [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] then falls on this -αδ-.




























μαμά ("mom")
Singular Plural
Nominative μαμά μαμάδες
Genitive μαμάς μαμάδων
Accusative μαμά μαμάδες
Vocative μαμά μαμάδες




























γιαγιά ("grandmother")
Singular Plural
Nominative γιαγιά γιαγιάδες
Genitive γιαγιάς γιαγιάδων
Accusative γιαγιά γιαγιάδες
Vocative γιαγιά γιαγιάδες

[[TODO|Feminine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -η are divided into two subgroups depending on the ending of their [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]]: -ες or -εις.
- [[TODO|Feminine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -η with a [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]] in -ες can be either [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]], [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] or [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]]. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Oxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] remain such throughout, while [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]]. Both of these types have a [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]] in just -ων. Some [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] have a [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]] in just -ων, while others in -εων. Those with a [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]] in just -ων become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] in this form, while those with a [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]] in -εων remain [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]] (but in doing so move the [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] one [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] to the right).
- [[TODO|Feminine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -η with a [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]] in -εις can be either [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] or [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]]. The former keep the [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] on the same [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] throughout, while the latter move it one [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] to the right in all [[TODO|plural]] forms.

​
Feminine Nouns in -η
Singular Plural
Nominative -η -ες -εις
Genitive -ης -ων, -εων -εων
Accusative -η -ες -εις
Vocative-η -ες -εις
Example: Feminine Nouns in -η, -ες




























ψυχή ("soul")
Singular Plural
Nominative ψυχή ψυχές
Genitive ψυχής ψυχών
Accusative ψυχή ψυχές
Vocative ψυχή ψυχές




























αγάπη ("love")
Singular Plural
Nominative αγάπη αγάπες
Genitive αγάπης αγαπών
Accusative αγάπη αγάπες
Vocative αγάπη αγάπες




























κάμαρη ("cabin")
Singular Plural
Nominative κάμαρη κάμαρες
Genitive κάμαρης καμαρών
Accusative κάμαρη κάμαρες
Vocative κάμαρη κάμαρες




























ζάχαρη ("sugar")
Singular Plural
Nominative ζάχαρη ζάχαρες
Genitive ζάχαρης ζαχάρεων
Accusative ζάχαρη ζάχαρες
Vocative ζάχαρη ζάχαρες

Example: Feminine Nouns in -η, -εις




























πόλη ("city")
Singular Plural
Nominative πόλη πόλεις
Genitive πόλης πόλεων
Accusative πόλη πόλεις
Vocative πόλη πόλεις




























κυβέρνηση ("government")
Singular Plural
Nominative κυβέρνηση κυβερνήσεις
Genitive κυβέρνησης κυβερνήσεων
Accusative κυβέρνηση κυβερνήσεις
Vocative κυβέρνηση κυβερνήσεις

[[TODO|Feminine]] [[TODO|nouns]] in -ος can be either [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]], [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] or [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]]. [[Phonology#Accent|Oxytone]] and [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] ones remain such throughout. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Proparoxytone]] [[TODO|nouns]] become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] in both [[TODO|genitive]] forms and in the [[TODO|accusative]] [[TODO|plural]].

​
Feminine Nouns Ending in -ος
Singular Plural
Nominative -ος -οι
Genitive -ου -ων
Accusative -ο -ους
Vocative-ε, (-ο) -οι
Example: Feminine Nouns in -ος




























οδός ("street")
Singular Plural
Nominative οδός οδοί
Genitive οδού οδών
Accusative οδό οδούς
Vocative οδέ οδοί




























παρθένος ("virgin")
Singular Plural
Nominative παρθένος παρθένοι
Genitive παρθένου παρθένων
Accusative παρθένο παρθένους
Vocative παρθένε, παρθένο παρθένοι




























άβυσσος ("abyss")
Singular Plural
Nominative άβυσσος άβυσσοι
Genitive αβύσσου αβύσσων
Accusative άβυσσο αβύσσους
Vocative άβυσσε, άβυσσο άβυσσοι

[[TODO|Feminine]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ου are always [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] in the [[TODO|singular]] and [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] in the [[TODO|plural]].

​
Feminine Nouns in -ού
Singular Plural
Nominative -ού -ούδες
Genitive -ούς -ούδων
Accusative -ού -ούδες
Vocative-ού -ούδες
Example: Feminine Nouns in -ού




























αλεπού ("fox")
Singular Plural
Nominative αλεπού αλεπούδες
Genitive αλεπούς αλεπούδων
Accusative αλεπού αλεπούδες
Vocative αλεπού αλεπούδες

Feminine Nouns in -έας, -είς
Singular Plural
Nominative -έας -είς
Genitive -έως -έων
Accusative -έα -είς
Vocative -έα -είς
Example: Feminine Nouns in -έας, -είς




























γραμματέας ("secretary")
Singular Plural
Nominative γραμματέας γραμματείς
Genitive γραμματέως γραμματέων
Accusative γραμματέα γραμματείς
Vocative γραμματέα γραμματείς

Feminine Nouns in -ίας, -ίες
Singular Plural
Nominative -ίας -ίες
Genitive -ία(ς) -ιών
Accusative -ία -ίες
Vocative -ία -ίες
Example: Feminine Nouns in -ίας, -ίες




























ταμίας ("cashier")
Singular Plural
Nominative ταμίας ταμίες
Genitive ταμία, ταμίας ταμιών
Accusative ταμία ταμίες
Vocative ταμία ταμίες

Neuter Nouns#

Important: Nominative, Accusative and Vocative of Neuter Nouns

The [[TODO|accusative]] and [[TODO|vocative]] of [[TODO|neuter]] [[Nouns|nouns]] are always identical to the [[TODO|nominative]] in the respective [[TODO|number]].

[[TODO|Neuter]] [[Nouns|nouns]] ending in -ο have a [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|singular]] in -ου. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Oxytone]] and [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] of this [[Nouns#Declension|declension]] keep the [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] on the same [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] in all forms. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Proparoxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]], however, may become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] in the [[TODO|genitive]]. Furthermore, some [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] can be both [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]] and [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] in the [[TODO|genitive]].

Neuter Nouns in -ο
Singular Plural
Nominative -ο -α
Genitive -ου -ων
Accusative =Nom =Nom
Vocative =Nom =Nom
Example: Neuter Nouns in -ο




























νερό ("water")
Singular Plural
Nominative νερό νερά
Genitive νερού νερών
Accusative νερό νερά
Vocative νερό νερά




























βιβλίο ("book")
Singular Plural
Nominative βιβλίο βιβλία
Genitive βιβλίου βιβλίων
Accusative βιβλίο βιβλία
Vocative βιβλίο βιβλία




























κάρβουνο ("coal")
Singular Plural
Nominative κάρβουνο κάρβουνα
Genitive κάρβουνου κάρβουνων
Accusative κάρβουνο κάρβουνα
Vocative κάρβουνο κάρβουνα




























άτομο ("individual", "person"; "atom")
Singular Plural
Nominative άτομο άτομα
Genitive ατόμου ατόμων
Accusative άτομο άτομα
Vocative άτομο άτομα

[[TODO|Neuter]] [[Nouns|nouns]] ending in -ι have a [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|singular]] in -ια, a [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|singular]] in -ιου and a [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]] in -ιών. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Oxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] remain such throughout all forms. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Paroxytone]] ones keep the [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] on the same [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] in all forms, except in the [[TODO|genitive]] where they become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]]. There are no [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] of this group.

Neuter Nouns in -ι
Singular Plural
Nominative -ι -ια
Genitive -ιου -ιων
Accusative =Nom =Nom
Vocative =Nom =Nom
Example: Neuter Nouns in -ι




























παιδί ("child")
Singular Plural
Nominative παιδί παιδιά
Genitive παιδιού παιδιών
Accusative παιδί παιδιά
Vocative παιδί παιδιά




























αγόρι ("book")
Singular Plural
Nominative αγόρι αγόρια
Genitive αγοριού αγοριών
Accusative αγόρι αγόρια
Vocative αγόρι αγόρια

Exception: πρωί ("morning")

The noun πρωί ("morning") is declined as follows:




























πρωί ("morning")
Singular Plural
Nominative πρωί πρωινά
Genitive πρωινού πρωινών
Accusative πρωί πρωινά
Vocative πρωί πρωινά

Exception: Nouns in -υ / -ι

The nouns βράδυ ("evening"), δίχτυ ("net"), στάχυ ("ear of corn") can be spelled either with -υ or -ι. Their other forms are normally spelled with -ι-, though.




























βράδυ ("evening")
Singular Plural
Nominative βράδυ βράδια
Genitive βραδιού βραδιών
Accusative βράδυ βράδια
Vocative βράδυ βράδια

However, the noun δάκρυ ("tear") is spelled with υ in all its forms and has a different stress:




























δάκρυ ("tear")
Singular Plural
Nominative δάκρυ δάκρυα
Genitive δακρύου δακρύων
Accusative δάκρυ δάκρυα
Vocative δάκρυ δάκρυα

Exception: Neuter Nouns in -άι and -όι

Neuter nouns ending in -άι and -όι add -γ- before all endings except the [[TODO|nominative]] / [[TODO|accusative]] / [[TODO|vocative]] [[TODO|singular]].




























τσάι ("tea")
Singular Plural
Nominative τσάι τσάγια
Genitive τσαγιού τσαγιών
Accusative τσάι τσάγια
Vocative τσάι τσάγια

Exception: Diminutives in -άκι and -ούλι

Diminutive nouns ending in -άκι and -ούλι have no [[TODO|genitive]] forms.




























παιδάκι ("little child")
Singular Plural
Nominative παιδάκι παιδάκια
Genitive
Accusative παιδάκι παιδάκια
Vocative παιδάκι παιδάκια

[[TODO|Neuter]] [[Nouns|nouns]] ending in -ος are divided into two groups based on the ending of their [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]]: -η or -ότα.
- All [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ος have a [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|singular]] in -ότος, a [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]] in -ότα and a [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]] in -ότων. This pattern is quite rare.
- All [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] and [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ος have a [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|singular]] in -ους, a [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]] in -ων and a [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]] in -η. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Paroxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]]. [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|Proparoxytone]] [[Nouns|nouns]] become [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]] and [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] in all other [[TODO|plural]] forms and in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|singular]].

Neuter Nouns in -ος
Singular Plural
Nominative -ός -ος -ότα -η
Genitive -ότος -ους -ότων -ων
Accusative =Nom =Nom =Nom =Nom
Vocative =Nom =Nom =Nom =Nom
Example: Neuter Nouns Ending in -ός, -ότα
























​


γεγονός ("fact")
Singular Plural
Nominative γεγονός γεγονότα
Genitive γεγονότος γεγονότων
Accusative γεγονός γεγονότα
Vocativeγεγονός γεγονότα

Example: Neuter Nouns in -ος, -η




























δάσος ("forest")
Singular Plural
Nominative δάσος δάση
Genitive δάσους δασών
Accusative δάσος δάση
Vocative δάσος δάση




























μέγεθος ("size")
Singular Plural
Nominative μέγεθος μεγέθη
Genitive μεγέθους μεγεθών
Accusative μέγεθος μεγέθη
Vocative μέγεθος μεγέθη

[[TODO|Neuter]] [[Nouns|nouns]] ending in -α have a [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|singular]] in -ατος, [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]] in -άτων and other [[TODO|plural]] forms in -ατα. They can be either [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] or [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]]. Their [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|singular]] is always [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]], while their [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]] is always [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]]. The rest of the [[TODO|plural]] forms are always [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|proparoxytone]].

​
Neuter Nouns Ending in -α
Singular Plural
Nominative -α -ατα
Genitive -ατος -άτων
Accusative -α -ατα
Vocative-α -ατα
Example: Neuter Nouns in -α




























χρώμα ("color")
Singular Plural
Nominative χρώμα χρώματα
Genitive χρώματος χρωμάτων
Accusative χρώμα χρώματα
Vocative χρώμα χρώματα




























πρόβλημα ("problem")
Singular Plural
Nominative πρόβλημα προβλήματα
Genitive προβλήματος προβλημάτων
Accusative πρόβλημα προβλήματα
Vocative πρόβλημα προβλήματα

Exception: The Noun "γάλα" ("milk")

The [[Nouns|noun]] "γάλα" ("milk") is declined as follows:




























γάλα ("milk")
Singular Plural
Nominative γάλα γάλατα
Genitive γάλακτος γαλάκτων
Accusative γάλα γάλατα
Vocative γάλα γάλατα

[[TODO|Neuter]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -υ which are not alternative spellings of those in -ι have a [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|plural]] in -ατα. They are always [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] and keep the [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] on the same [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] throughout, except in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]] where it moves one [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] to the right.

Neuter Nouns in -υ, -ατα
Singular Plural
Nominative -υ -ατα
Genitive -ατος -άτων
Accusative -υ -ατα
Vocative -υ -ατα
Example: Neuter Nouns in -υ, -ατα




























δόρυ ("spear")
Singular Plural
Nominative δόρυ δόρατα
Genitive δόρατος δοράτων
Accusative δόρυ δόρατα
Vocative δόρυ δόρατα

Exception: The Noun "οξύ" ("acid")

The [[Nouns|noun]] "οξύ" ("acid") is declined as follows:




























οξύ ("acid")
Singular Plural
Nominative οξύ οξέα
Genitive οξέος οξέων
Accusative οξύ οξέα
Vocative οξύ οξέα

Exception: The Noun "ήμισυ" ("half")

The [[Nouns|noun]] "ήμισυ" ("half") is declined as follows:




























ήμισυ ("half")
Singular Plural
Nominative ήμισυ ημίσεα
Genitive ημίσεος ημίσεων
Accusative ήμισυ ημίσεα
Vocative ήμισυ ημίσεα

[[TODO|Neuter]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ας are always [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] and keep the [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] on the same [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] throughout, except in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]], where it moves one [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] to the right.

​
Neuter Nouns in -ας
Singular Plural
Nominative -ας -ατος
Genitive -ατος -άτων
Accusative -ας -ατα
Vocative-ας -ατα
Example: Neuter Nouns in -ας

























​


κρέας ("meat")
Singular Plural
Nominative κρέας κρέατα
Genitive κρέατος κρεάτων
Accusative κρέας κρέατα
Vocativeκρέας κρέατα

[[TODO|Neuter]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -ως can be either [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] or [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]]. The former keep the [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] on the same [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] throughout, except in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|singular]], where it moves one [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] to the right. The latter keep the [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] on the same [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] throughout, except in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]], where it moves one [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] to the right.

Neuter Nouns in -ως
Singular Plural
Nominative -ως -ωτα
Genitive -ωτος -ώτων
Accusative =Nom =Nom
Vocative =Nom =Nom
Example: Neuter Nouns in -ως




























φως ("light")
Singular Plural
Nominative φως φώτα
Genitive φωτός φώτων
Accusative φως φώτα
Vocative φως φώτα

























​


λυκόφως ("dusk")
Singular Plural
Nominative λυκόφως λυκόφωτα
Genitive λυκόφωτος λυκοφώτων
Accusative λυκόφως λυκόφωτα
Vocativeλυκόφως λυκόφωτα

[[TODO|Neuter]] [[Nouns|nouns]] with a [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|singular]] in -ον are divided into two subgroups depending on the ending of their [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|singular]]: -ου or -οντος.
- All [[TODO|Neuter]] [[Nouns|nouns]] with a [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|singular]] in -ον and a [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|singular]] in -ου are [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]] and remain such throughout.
- [[TODO|Neuter]] [[Nouns|nouns]] with a [[TODO|nominative]] [[TODO|singular]] in -ον and a [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|singular]] in -οντος can be either [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] or [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]]. The former keep the [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] on the same [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] throughout, while the latter move it one [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] to the right in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]].

Neuter Nouns in -ον, -ου
Singular Plural
Nominative -ον -α -οντα
Genitive -ου -οντος -ων -όντων
Accusative =Nom =Nom =Nom
Vocative =Nom =Nom =Nom
Example: Neuter Nouns Ending in -ον, -ου




























μέσον ("intermediary")
Singular Plural
Nominative μέσον μέσα
Genitive μέσου μέσων
Accusative μέσον μέσα
Vocative μέσον μέσα

Example: Neuter Nouns in -ον, -οντος




























προσόν ("qualification")
Singular Plural
Nominative προσόν προσόντα
Genitive προσόντος προσόντων
Accusative προσόν προσόντα
Vocative προσόν προσόντα

























​


ενδιαφέρον ("interest")
Singular Plural
Nominative ενδιαφέρον ενδιαφέροντα
Genitive ενδιαφέροντος ενδιαφερόντων
Accusative ενδιαφέρον ενδιαφέροντα
Vocativeενδιαφέρον ενδιαφέροντα

[[TODO|Neuter]] [[Nouns|nouns]] in -εν and -αν decline in the same way with the only exception being the difference in the vowels: ε or α. They can be either [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|oxytone]] or [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|paroxytone]]. The former keep the [[Orthography and Phonology#Accent|stress]] on the same [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] throughout, while the latter move it one [[Orthography and Phonology#Syllabification|syllable]] to the right in the [[TODO|genitive]] [[TODO|plural]].

Neuter Nouns in -εν / -αν
Singular Plural
Nominative -εν -αν -εντα -αντα
Genitive -εντος -αντος -έντων -άντων
Accusative =Nom =Nom =Nom =Nom
Vocative =Nom =Nom =Nom =Nom
Example: Neuter Nouns in -εν

























​


ανακοινωθέν ("announcement")
Singular Plural
Nominative ανακοινωθέν ανακοινωθέντα
Genitive ανακοινωθέντος ανακοινωθέντων
Accusative ανακοινωθέν ανακοινωθέντα
Vocativeανακοινωθέν ανακοινωθέντα




























φωνήεν ("vowel")
Singular Plural
Nominative φωνήεν φωνήεντα
Genitive φωνήεντος φωνηέντων
Accusative φωνήεν φωνήεντα
Vocative φωνήεν φωνήεντα

Example: Neuter Nouns in -αν

























​


συμβάν ("event", "occurrence")
Singular Plural
Nominative συμβάν συμβάντα
Genitive συμβάντος συμβάντων
Accusative συμβάν συμβάντα
Vocativeσυμβάν συμβάντα
























​


σύμπαν ("universe")
Singular Plural
Nominative σύμπαν σύμπαντα
Genitive σύμπαντος συμπάντων
Accusative σύμπαν σύμπαντα
Vocativeσύμπαν σύμπαντα

​
Neuter Nouns in -α, -ακτος
Singular Plural
Nominative -α -ατα
Genitive -ακτος -άκτων
Accusative -α -ατα
Vocative-α -ατα

The stress in the nominative singular of these nouns is always on the penult and remains on the same vowel in all forms except for the genitive plural where it moves to the "α" of the ending.

Example: Neuter Nouns Ending in -α / -ακτος




























Declension of γάλα
Singular Plural
Nominative γάλα γάλατα
Genitive γάλακτος γαλάκτων
Accusative γάλα γάλατα
Vocative γάλα γάλατα

Bibliography#

  1. Foundalis - Patterns for Masculine Modern Greek Nouns
  2. Foundalis - Patterns for Feminine Modern Greek Nouns
  3. Foundalis - Patterns for Neuter Modern Greek Nouns
  4. Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language